Free Essays on Bopolar Disorder

Definition Bipolar, or hyper burdensome turmoil, is a disposition issue that causes radical enthusiastic changes and emotional episodes, from hyper highs to burdensome lows. Most of bipolar people experience substituting scenes of lunacy and misery. Depiction In the United States alone, bipolar turmoil distresses just about 2,000,000 individuals at a yearly expense of over $45 billion, as per a 1991 report by the National Institutes of Mental Health. The normal time of beginning of bipolar issue is from immaturity through the mid twenties. In any case, in light of the multifaceted nature of the confusion, a right determination can be postponed for quite a long while or more. In an overview of bipolar patients led by the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (MDMDA), one-portion of respondents announced visiting at least three experts before accepting a right analysis, and more than 33% revealed a hold up of ten years or more before they were effectively analyzed. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), the analytic standard for emotional well-being experts in the United States, characterizes four separate classes of bipolar issue: bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia, and bipolar not-something else determined (NOS). Bipolar I issue is portrayed by hyper scenes, the high of the hyper burdensome cycle. A bipolar patient encountering insanity frequently has sentiments of affectedness, happiness, garrulity, expanded amiability, and a longing to leave on objective situated exercises, combined with the attributes of fractiousness, anxiety, lack of caution, hyperactivity, and a diminished requirement for rest. Typically this hyper period is trailed by a time of melancholy, albeit a couple of bipolar I people may not encounter a significant burdensome scene. Blended states, where both hyper or hypomanic side effects and burdensome side effects happen simultaneously, likewise happen as often as possible with bipolar... Free Essays on Bopolar Disorder Free Essays on Bopolar Disorder Definition Bipolar, or hyper burdensome confusion, is a state of mind issue that causes radical enthusiastic changes and emotional episodes, from hyper highs to burdensome lows. Most of bipolar people experience substituting scenes of craziness and wretchedness. Depiction In the United States alone, bipolar turmoil besets just about 2,000,000 individuals at a yearly expense of over $45 billion, as indicated by a 1991 report by the National Institutes of Mental Health. The normal period of beginning of bipolar issue is from youthfulness through the mid twenties. Be that as it may, in light of the multifaceted nature of the confusion, a right conclusion can be postponed for quite a long while or more. In a study of bipolar patients directed by the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (MDMDA), one-portion of respondents announced visiting at least three experts before accepting a right determination, and more than 33% revealed a hold up of ten years or more before they were accurately analyzed. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), the analytic standard for emotional wellness experts in the United States, characterizes four separate classifications of bipolar issue: bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia, and bipolar not-something else determined (NOS). Bipolar I issue is described by hyper scenes, the high of the hyper burdensome cycle. A bipolar patient encountering madness regularly has sentiments of gaudiness, joy, chattiness, expanded friendliness, and a craving to set out on objective arranged exercises, combined with the attributes of crabbiness, restlessness, imprudence, hyperactivity, and a diminished requirement for rest. Typically this hyper period is trailed by a time of misery, albeit a couple of bipolar I people may not encounter a significant burdensome scene. Blended states, where both hyper or hypomanic manifestations and burdensome indications happen simultaneously, additionally happen often with bipolar...

How Music Can Portray Emotions

How Music Can Portray Emotions Torey A. Brooksâ Theoretical Music audience members of any age have seen numerous investigations addressing whether music can reliably communicate feelings. Far less consideration has been committed to the real substance of the musics open procedure for our feelings and the manner in which it makes us need to move to the beat. The examination will think about whether music can pass on enthusiastic substance. Layers of different harmonies enable audience members to see increasingly perplexing feelings; however the articulations are less diversely invariant and progressively subject to the social setting as well as the individual audience (Juslin, 2013). These feelings are communicated in manners like giggling, crying, or physical developments which just as the music, additionally animates our mind. Catchphrases: music, feeling, articulation, correspondence, development Presentation Music influences everybody in some way or another. Some hear it out routinely while some just listen periodically. We hear music in our vehicles, in lifts, at the specialists office, or while we are waiting; it is an indispensable piece of our lives whether we consider it or not. There are numerous things that energize our cerebrums reward focuses, among them are our passionate reactions to music and how that music makes us need to shake our bodies. While we can encounter a transitory rush from a rapid vehicle pursue on a film screen, a bit of music can cause changing feelings relying upon its significance for us on some random day. It is imagined that the production of music was done through cadenced developments, for example, the tapping of feet. Joy focuses of our mind are associated with our engine tactile. Watching others move, not just influences our needing to move, it achieves an euphoric intrigue to the music since it is influencing us inwardly. Music not just realizes profo und expressive encounters, it makes us need to move to the beat and whether we can transparently recognize it or not, elevates our spirits as is prove by the a large number of recordings of people who post their singing and moving experiences identified with the music they tune in to. Proof In one sense, artists are not really communicating their own feelings as most music is composed by different specialists; they are feeling just as communicating the musics feelings. Per Why do we like to danceAnd move to the beat? (2008), the term passionate articulation normally implies that audience members see the musics enthusiastic significance. Music is a path for people to communicate their lifes current perspective. While an audience could see any feeling in a bit of music, not all recognitions will be a similar which is the reason there are various styles of music accessible. Proof recommends that tactile encounters are likewise engine encounters (Why do we like to danceAnd move to the beat?, 2008). Along these lines, it is observable that while somebody is viewing someone else move, our minds development territories are by and large unwittingly enacted and we are anticipating how an artist will move dependent on how the music causes us to feel. As confirmed by Juslin (2013) there is some base degree of understanding among various audience members with respect to the articulation, apparently in light of the fact that there is something in the music that delivers a comparable impression in numerous audience members. At the point when a writer composes music, he does so trusting that the audience will locate a natural worth and delight so they will keep on tuning in to the music. While there may be a particular purpose for the music structure, the music can mean much more to numerous audience members than the arranger who composed it. The term essential or discrete feelings happens often in the music brain research field today, normally alluding to specific feelings, for example, joy, misery, outrage, and dread, yet with no more profound thought of the hypothetical premise of the idea (Juslin, 2013). Music that was composed with feelings past those Juslin noted, are composed for the individual encounters that the writer has felt in his own life and seem to do well concerning being tuned in to or mentioned for play on the radio. Music that has a snappy tune, yet doesn't contact us sincerely blur rapidly into what are known as one hit ponders. Most performers attempt to create their music around life circumstances that have influenced them in an enthusiastic manner. They would like to pass on those feelings to other people who can partake in similar sentiments or if nothing else identify with them. Music that contacts our feelings of affection, misfortune, mending, or whatever we search for in music, will be music that will consistently contact our hearts. Studies in regards to how music takes advantage of our feelings rank the best ten feeling terms as bliss, trouble, outrage, dread and love, delicacy, and this propensity was comparative over the three informational indexes, in spite of contrasts in tests (artists versus understudies, different nations) and determinations of feeling terms (going from 32 to 38 terms) (Juslin, 2013). At the point when I started this paper, I effectively kept a tally of how frequently I heard music for the duration of the day that I didn't start; it arrived at the midpoint of thirty-two events in a single day. After that test, I started to take a gander at how the music influenced me on these noninitiate events. It was at the bank and entryway music was playing or I was sitting tight in line for my lunch and they had music playing out of sight. Unknowingly, I discovered myself murmuring or marking along and if the time was long enough, I found myself moving to the hits. Remaining in the bank murmuring carried me to a period years back when I used to chip in a childrens service. I can recollect aiding childrens church and paying little heed to the childrens mentality upon appearance, the second we as a whole started singing and playing instruments, everybody could obviously observe the quieting changes in a room of 40, 3-and 4-year-old kids; they turned out to be increasingly seren e, complete. They were increasingly obliging to endure an exercise and their folks saw that they were progressively well-suited to nod off on their way home. While this is certainly not a controlled trial, the youngsters went through 10 minutes singing and moving and the expanding influences went on for 6 hours. End As I felt quieted in the keep money with my murmuring and influencing, singing with development quieted the childrens spirits and gave them an enthusiastic outlet for the encounters in their little universes. I don't accept they intentionally comprehended the advantages of the music and development, they just really delighted in it. Music and move may simply be especially pleasurable activators of the tangible and engine circuits. So,㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦humans like watching others moving (and being moving themselves), adding music to the blend might be an apex of remuneration. (For what reason do we like to danceAnd move to the beat?, 2008). In this way, the facts confirm that music can achieve profound enthusiastic encounters and it can make us need to move with the beat as it elevates our spirits. In any case in the event that we tune in to music coolly or unfailingly, it can move our spirits in manners inconceivable. References: Juslin, P. N. (2013). What does music express? Fundamental feelings and past. Recovered from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3764399/ For what reason do we like to danceAnd move to the beat? (2008, September 26). Recovered from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/specialists move/

Fun in NYC Part 2

Fun in NYC Part 2 Sunday wasnt productive. Seriously, you try working when you know that in less than 24 hours youll be in New York and playing with toys. Maddie and I planned on leaving for South Station at about 11:45 PM so at about 10:30 we started getting ready. That meant slacks, collared shirt, and tie for me while Maddie just packed clothes to put on later. I brought nice shoes but there was no way I was going to wear them all day, so I wore my tennis shoes and a baseball hat for the trip. We hopped on the two oclock bus and settled in for the ride. The Chinatown bus has caught on fire and flipped over a couple of times but we didnt have any issues. It was hard to sleep on (bumpy) but we got some naps in. When the bus stopped it was 6 AM and nothing was in English. I took this to mean that either wed found a wormhole and ended up on the other side of the planet or that we were in New York City ready for a day of awesome. We walked up Bowery Street until we could read the signs on the buildings and settled down in Starbucks to do some PSETing. That worked, um, kinda well, but eventually I got anxious and wanted to go explore. We went to Times Square and shopped around in the MM store, tried to visit the Toys R Us (closed), and then headed to the Javits Center for TOY FAIR 2008! We contacted Jonathan and he, along with Kevin (the guy who spoke to us at Hasbro) met us out front with our official letters and an American Express. Moment of truth, time to see if we were actually going to be attending Toy Fair. This is what our letters looked like: Can you see the Mr. Potato Head watermark in the lower right? Thats Mr. Michael Snively to you! We walked up to the registration desk with our forms filled out, our letters, our MIT IDs, and state IDs. We push everything up towards the lady and got this really strange, incredulous look in return. Um, are you two over 18? Right, I dont think I mentioned this. You have to be over 18 in order to attend Toy Fair. Apparently Maddie and I dont look over 18. Yes, here are our IDs. Hm, and youre here for Hasbro. . . with a letter [she takes this opportunity to read the letter very carefully] Well, I guess you have all the right stuff. Have a good time. She stamped a red star onto our registration sheet. SCORE! We went to the next lady whose job it was to type up and print our badges. She takes one look at us and goes Um, are you two over 18? My Brain: Of course we are! See this little red star!? This one, right here, where it says Im representing Hasbro? The one I got when I showed that lady over there my drivers license? Are you serious!? My Mouth: Yes. She spent some time typing, working out payment, and getting us officially registered. Upon completion she sent us to the next area to pick up our badges. The next lady looks at us but before she can say anything I chime in. Were over 18. RIght, because I was going to say, you look young. I know, but were 18. Were inventors for Hasbro. Alright then, here are your badges. Im framing this. We said goodbye to Jonathan and Kevin, grabbed maps, and looked around. We had made it. We were at Toy Fair 2008. Awesome stair stickers Awesome banner We descended the escalator into the lower level of Toy Fair, had our badges scanned, and then entered the fray. Its hard to describe our emotional state at that moment. It was somewhere between when all the kids in Willy Wonka first saw the candy room, and when Little Inez won the Miss Teenage Hairspray pageant in Hairspray. It was SO overwhelming, you have no idea! It took us a little bit to figure out what to do, but eventually we went to the corner and started working our way up and down the aisles. Ill cover the just the highlights because there was WAY too much to blog. Pokemon Booth 8 years ago this would have been THE booth to be at. Giant Pokemon, toys everywhere, and an entire wall of trading cards. Back in my day there were only 150 Pokemon! Wiggle Racer This was probably our favorite item in the show. Yes, I know, theyve been around for a long time, but Id never seen them before and I want one. This is Kevin Stafford, the marketing guy, riding one. From 3 to 103 And this is how they work: We hung out here for a long time, bringing him a ton of good publicity as people flocked to see us play. People started to think that we worked there and were asking us all sorts of questions, which I tried to answer. Then I realized that I should stop pretending to work there and get on with the show, which I did, but I definitely recommend the Wiggle Racer. Cardboard Fire Truck I cant remember the name of the company, but there was a huge supply of large trucks and houses made of cardboard that are color-able. Genius? Genius. Fire Twuck! Poly Pong Four-Square meets ping-pong. Any questions? Im pretty terrible at this, actually, but its very fun. LEGO We didnt get a chance to actually go into the LEGO booth because they were doing private appointments, but we did get to check out the giant Star Wars and Indiana Jones LEGO sculptures. Star Wars Indiana Jones Id like to take this opportunity to inform you of some observations Maddie and I made while there. First off, we looked under 18 and people realized it. We got some NASTY looks from security and some people in booths. Seriously, we started to count how many scowls and glares we caught. Its almost as if these people didnt want kids looking at their toys. Another thing we noticed is that people hated that we represented Hasbro. Hasbro wasnt actually on the show floor, they had their own building across the street where they had a veritable museum of new toys. The show floor had a lot of individual shop owners and inventors trying to get their products marketed. Hasbro has the ability to steal, build, and market any of these toys on a whim. Guess what we looked like. . . .spies! One lady, who was selling giant pipe cleaners that could be used to build big fuzzy animals, pretty much told us to get away from her booth. She didnt want anything to do with us. We walked up to the Disney booth and asked if we could go in (it looked kind of private). The lady looked at us, looked at our badges, and said Um, let me get you some escorts. wtf? She walked over to another guy and said Can I let these two in? They look young. Luckily the guy wasnt as ignorant as she was. He looked at us, then at her, and said They have badges that say Hasbro. Of course theyre old enough, theyre fine, let them in. Thank you logical reasoning! For some reason all of the Nintendo toys were hidden away in the Disney booth. A DS holder Master Sword The Simpsons Two awesome Simpsons products made a showing. Duff Energy Drink. Good idea? I think so. Others? Not so much. Spoons, Simpsons style The issue with these is that the donuts were foam, and if youve ever played Spoons before then youd know that 7 foam donuts would quickly become 14 foam donuts. The guy there confessed that hed never thought of that and would inform his engineers. Therefore, if this game is released with plastic donuts, I take FULL credit. Plastic Smart Toys Soon we discovered a giant game of Rush Hour, which Maddie quickly dominated. Take that congestion! A whole table of Rubiks Cubes! By this time we were starting to run out of toys. Well, by run out of toys I mean that we had glanced at everything once. As we were heading toward some more toys we saw the Elmer booth, which for some reason was selling Bill Nye the Science Guy toys. Is Bill Nye here? Maddie asked. No, I dont see him, thatd be ridiculous. This is when I notice a sign. Bill Nye the Science Guy will be here on Monday from 2 PM to 4 PM. Our heads almost exploded out of excitement! We checked our watches, it was 1:30 PM. We meandered for a while and at about 2:15 we headed back to the Elmer booth. This is what we saw: Yes. Thats Bill Nye. Oh. My. God. Maddie and I waited a bit and then went up and started chatting with him. There was your typical awkward conversation to start with but then we started talking about MIT, toys, Hasbro, and then I brought up a very crucial point. TAKE NOTE MIT ADMINISTRATION, TAKE NOTE: Bill (first name basis, thats right), would you speak for MITs Class of 2011 commencement? Sure, Id be happy to. MIT would just have to ask me. ASK HIM!!!!!!!!! We chatted some more and then had our picture taken with him. He taught us the proper technique for taking your own picture, and this is the magical picture of the day. Bill is taking our picture with his left hand. Finally we got some autographs, thanked him a lot, and wandered off in a star-struck daze. OMG Science Rules! Toy Fair pretty much peaked at that point. We wandered some more, playing with toys, but nothing really matched meeting a childhood hero. Maddie and I got a bunch of business cards, a job offer, and some free toys before deciding to take off and get some dinner. We got distracted on the way to dinner and explored the TImes Square Toys R Us (so fun!) and then ate at TGI Fridays. After dinner it was a brisk walk back to the bus (9 oclock) and a 4 hour ride back to Boston. One more cab ride, a walk down dorm row, and we were finally back in our dorm. We had awesome badges, an awesome letter, pictures with Bill Nye, and a bunch of free and colorful stuff. It was an incredible day that I hope to remember forever. Nothing beats going to Toy Fair 2008 as a representative of Hasbro (on their dime), meeting Bill Nye, playing with toys, and eating dinner in New York City. Nothing beats it.

Fun in NYC Part 2

Fun in NYC Part 2 Sunday wasnt productive. Seriously, you try working when you know that in less than 24 hours youll be in New York and playing with toys. Maddie and I planned on leaving for South Station at about 11:45 PM so at about 10:30 we started getting ready. That meant slacks, collared shirt, and tie for me while Maddie just packed clothes to put on later. I brought nice shoes but there was no way I was going to wear them all day, so I wore my tennis shoes and a baseball hat for the trip. We hopped on the two oclock bus and settled in for the ride. The Chinatown bus has caught on fire and flipped over a couple of times but we didnt have any issues. It was hard to sleep on (bumpy) but we got some naps in. When the bus stopped it was 6 AM and nothing was in English. I took this to mean that either wed found a wormhole and ended up on the other side of the planet or that we were in New York City ready for a day of awesome. We walked up Bowery Street until we could read the signs on the buildings and settled down in Starbucks to do some PSETing. That worked, um, kinda well, but eventually I got anxious and wanted to go explore. We went to Times Square and shopped around in the MM store, tried to visit the Toys R Us (closed), and then headed to the Javits Center for TOY FAIR 2008! We contacted Jonathan and he, along with Kevin (the guy who spoke to us at Hasbro) met us out front with our official letters and an American Express. Moment of truth, time to see if we were actually going to be attending Toy Fair. This is what our letters looked like: Can you see the Mr. Potato Head watermark in the lower right? Thats Mr. Michael Snively to you! We walked up to the registration desk with our forms filled out, our letters, our MIT IDs, and state IDs. We push everything up towards the lady and got this really strange, incredulous look in return. Um, are you two over 18? Right, I dont think I mentioned this. You have to be over 18 in order to attend Toy Fair. Apparently Maddie and I dont look over 18. Yes, here are our IDs. Hm, and youre here for Hasbro. . . with a letter [she takes this opportunity to read the letter very carefully] Well, I guess you have all the right stuff. Have a good time. She stamped a red star onto our registration sheet. SCORE! We went to the next lady whose job it was to type up and print our badges. She takes one look at us and goes Um, are you two over 18? My Brain: Of course we are! See this little red star!? This one, right here, where it says Im representing Hasbro? The one I got when I showed that lady over there my drivers license? Are you serious!? My Mouth: Yes. She spent some time typing, working out payment, and getting us officially registered. Upon completion she sent us to the next area to pick up our badges. The next lady looks at us but before she can say anything I chime in. Were over 18. RIght, because I was going to say, you look young. I know, but were 18. Were inventors for Hasbro. Alright then, here are your badges. Im framing this. We said goodbye to Jonathan and Kevin, grabbed maps, and looked around. We had made it. We were at Toy Fair 2008. Awesome stair stickers Awesome banner We descended the escalator into the lower level of Toy Fair, had our badges scanned, and then entered the fray. Its hard to describe our emotional state at that moment. It was somewhere between when all the kids in Willy Wonka first saw the candy room, and when Little Inez won the Miss Teenage Hairspray pageant in Hairspray. It was SO overwhelming, you have no idea! It took us a little bit to figure out what to do, but eventually we went to the corner and started working our way up and down the aisles. Ill cover the just the highlights because there was WAY too much to blog. Pokemon Booth 8 years ago this would have been THE booth to be at. Giant Pokemon, toys everywhere, and an entire wall of trading cards. Back in my day there were only 150 Pokemon! Wiggle Racer This was probably our favorite item in the show. Yes, I know, theyve been around for a long time, but Id never seen them before and I want one. This is Kevin Stafford, the marketing guy, riding one. From 3 to 103 And this is how they work: We hung out here for a long time, bringing him a ton of good publicity as people flocked to see us play. People started to think that we worked there and were asking us all sorts of questions, which I tried to answer. Then I realized that I should stop pretending to work there and get on with the show, which I did, but I definitely recommend the Wiggle Racer. Cardboard Fire Truck I cant remember the name of the company, but there was a huge supply of large trucks and houses made of cardboard that are color-able. Genius? Genius. Fire Twuck! Poly Pong Four-Square meets ping-pong. Any questions? Im pretty terrible at this, actually, but its very fun. LEGO We didnt get a chance to actually go into the LEGO booth because they were doing private appointments, but we did get to check out the giant Star Wars and Indiana Jones LEGO sculptures. Star Wars Indiana Jones Id like to take this opportunity to inform you of some observations Maddie and I made while there. First off, we looked under 18 and people realized it. We got some NASTY looks from security and some people in booths. Seriously, we started to count how many scowls and glares we caught. Its almost as if these people didnt want kids looking at their toys. Another thing we noticed is that people hated that we represented Hasbro. Hasbro wasnt actually on the show floor, they had their own building across the street where they had a veritable museum of new toys. The show floor had a lot of individual shop owners and inventors trying to get their products marketed. Hasbro has the ability to steal, build, and market any of these toys on a whim. Guess what we looked like. . . .spies! One lady, who was selling giant pipe cleaners that could be used to build big fuzzy animals, pretty much told us to get away from her booth. She didnt want anything to do with us. We walked up to the Disney booth and asked if we could go in (it looked kind of private). The lady looked at us, looked at our badges, and said Um, let me get you some escorts. wtf? She walked over to another guy and said Can I let these two in? They look young. Luckily the guy wasnt as ignorant as she was. He looked at us, then at her, and said They have badges that say Hasbro. Of course theyre old enough, theyre fine, let them in. Thank you logical reasoning! For some reason all of the Nintendo toys were hidden away in the Disney booth. A DS holder Master Sword The Simpsons Two awesome Simpsons products made a showing. Duff Energy Drink. Good idea? I think so. Others? Not so much. Spoons, Simpsons style The issue with these is that the donuts were foam, and if youve ever played Spoons before then youd know that 7 foam donuts would quickly become 14 foam donuts. The guy there confessed that hed never thought of that and would inform his engineers. Therefore, if this game is released with plastic donuts, I take FULL credit. Plastic Smart Toys Soon we discovered a giant game of Rush Hour, which Maddie quickly dominated. Take that congestion! A whole table of Rubiks Cubes! By this time we were starting to run out of toys. Well, by run out of toys I mean that we had glanced at everything once. As we were heading toward some more toys we saw the Elmer booth, which for some reason was selling Bill Nye the Science Guy toys. Is Bill Nye here? Maddie asked. No, I dont see him, thatd be ridiculous. This is when I notice a sign. Bill Nye the Science Guy will be here on Monday from 2 PM to 4 PM. Our heads almost exploded out of excitement! We checked our watches, it was 1:30 PM. We meandered for a while and at about 2:15 we headed back to the Elmer booth. This is what we saw: Yes. Thats Bill Nye. Oh. My. God. Maddie and I waited a bit and then went up and started chatting with him. There was your typical awkward conversation to start with but then we started talking about MIT, toys, Hasbro, and then I brought up a very crucial point. TAKE NOTE MIT ADMINISTRATION, TAKE NOTE: Bill (first name basis, thats right), would you speak for MITs Class of 2011 commencement? Sure, Id be happy to. MIT would just have to ask me. ASK HIM!!!!!!!!! We chatted some more and then had our picture taken with him. He taught us the proper technique for taking your own picture, and this is the magical picture of the day. Bill is taking our picture with his left hand. Finally we got some autographs, thanked him a lot, and wandered off in a star-struck daze. OMG Science Rules! Toy Fair pretty much peaked at that point. We wandered some more, playing with toys, but nothing really matched meeting a childhood hero. Maddie and I got a bunch of business cards, a job offer, and some free toys before deciding to take off and get some dinner. We got distracted on the way to dinner and explored the TImes Square Toys R Us (so fun!) and then ate at TGI Fridays. After dinner it was a brisk walk back to the bus (9 oclock) and a 4 hour ride back to Boston. One more cab ride, a walk down dorm row, and we were finally back in our dorm. We had awesome badges, an awesome letter, pictures with Bill Nye, and a bunch of free and colorful stuff. It was an incredible day that I hope to remember forever. Nothing beats going to Toy Fair 2008 as a representative of Hasbro (on their dime), meeting Bill Nye, playing with toys, and eating dinner in New York City. Nothing beats it.

Every action is a selfish one and thus true altruism does not exist. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2530 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Psychology Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Discuss in relation to theory and research on pro-social behaviour. Introduction Helping behaviour has been a focus of social psychological research since the 1950s (Hogg and Vaughan, 2008) and within this literature; there exists an abundance of studies concerned with the concept of altruism. The main aim of this essay is to consider the assertion that every action is a selfish one and thus true altruism does not exist. In order to do this, relevant theory and research on pro-social behaviour will be explored. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Every action is a selfish one and thus true altruism does not exist." essay for you Create order Broadly speaking, pro-social behaviour involves carrying out an act that benefits another (Hogg and Vaughan, 2008) and the interest in this topic since the 1950s, from a research point of view, has impressive longevity. Altruism, as a concept, has attracted much debate and is a type of helping behavior, essentially involving helping another without any expectation of personal gain (Batson and Coke, 1981; Macaulay and Berkowitz, 1970). Perhaps it is rather difficult to realistically suggest that an act could ever be categorised as truly altruistic or indeed if it is not, then it must be selfish. This essay will help to support the view that altruism exists to some extent but often there can be benefits for the individual in demonstrating this behaviour. Research has unfortunately at times aimed to minimise the assertion that a motive to help others without personal benefit can exist (Krueger, 2012). Theory and Research Wilson (2015, p.5) very recently documented that the question of how altruism evolves is such a controversy that is just entering its resolution phase. Altruism is a fairly complicated concept to explore and some of Wilsons (2015) writings reflect this. For instance, Wilson (2015) alludes to the idea that it can be challenging to truly understand an individuals intention when helping another in that it may be to feel better, win favour with God or ensure the other person is in debt to you. The question therefore might be along the lines of what constitutes truly altruistic behaviour and when does it become selfish. Wilson (2015) also helpfully simplifies how one might view altruism by focusing, temporarily, only on the behaviour. An example is illustrated by Wilson (2015) whereby if one individual helps another at a cost to themselves then that demonstrates altruism regardless of what they thought or felt about the situation. Pro-social behaviour theory provides mixed support for the idea of true altruism. For instance, altruism does not particularly receive support from the well-known bystander-calculus model (Piliavin, Dovidio, Gaertner and Clark, 1981), if one is to accept it. This model would assert that individuals would take action in an emergency essentially to reduce their own unpleasant arousal (Batson and Oleson, 1991). This theory clearly makes reference to the significance of the thoughts and feelings of the individual. It may suggest that in part, the helper is to a degree being selfish, but at the same time, is actually carrying out an act that helps another. From this point of view, altruism is perhaps not the correct term since the individual is driven to act, to an extent, to serve his or her own interest. Egoism and altruism have historically been framed as a versus relationship with Hogg and Vaughan (2004) summarising that a significant number of psychologists side with the theory supporting the egoism argument whereby behaviour is driven by personal gain. The work around egoism tends to feel like the darker side of pro-social behaviour theory and research. Some of the evidence showing apparent support for this theory is rather questionable. For instance, Manucia, Baumann, and Cialdini (1984) conducted an experiment whereby certain participants were given a placebo pill but told that by taking it, their current mood would freeze. This led to people under this condition apparently being not as likely to help an individual in need since it would not improve their mood. Brown and Maner (2012) praised the intelligence of this study although it does have an artificial feel about it and one could question how much it might reflect a real-life scenario. It cannot necessarily be used as evidence that altruism does not exist since for some people, the motivation in the first instance might be to actually help the other person (Brown and Maner, 2012). The above mentioned study is somewhat at odds with a review of theory and research regarding altruism at that time (Piliavin and Charng, 1990). One conclusion by these authors was that evidence from a number of fields such as sociology and social psychology among others suggest that altruism is indeed a feature of human nature (Piliavin and Charng, 1990). Bierhoff (2002) builds on this and suggests that altruism exists and reported that it is arguably perfectly captured in the parable of the Good Samaritan whereby having empathy for the victim led to the unselfish act of helping the victim to safety, even at personal cost. This parable is still taught in the modern day and apparent acts of altruism remain a feature of everyday society. This is not to discount the assumption that there could be side effects whereby the individual may experience private rewards for acts of altruism. It is now necessary to consider relevant research studies in more detail in order to further explore the rather controversial central claim that every action is a selfish one and true altruism does not exist. It has been unfortunate in a way that researchers have, more often than not, chosen to focus on anti-social rather than pro-social behaviour. This perhaps reflects a tendency to be more interested in the worst in people. This also leads to the idea that people may be more likely to dismiss altruism and consider other explanations for this type of helping or selfless behaviour. May (2011, p.25) implies that caution should be taken when interpreting altruism-based research in stating that the consensus among psychologists (and common sense) is that a great number of our mental states, even our motives, are not accessible to consciousness. As mentioned above, Wilsons (2015) more recent writings seem to have certain parallels with this and it may be that one has to accept that knowing the individuals intent to help may not be possible.   This could cast doubt on the reliability of much of the experimental work in the field of altr uism, particularly when self-reporting measures are so commonly used. Cialdini and colleagues certainly invested much effort in demonstrating that true altruism does not exist. In a related piece of research, Maner, Luce, Neuberg, Cialdini, Brown and Sagarin (2002) explored the effect of manipulated perspective taking with a focus on the empathy-helping relationship, which they suggested underpins altruism. Interestingly, the study featured 169 university students who had an incentive to participate in the study in order to help fulfill their academic requirements. There is a certain irony about this in that it does not reflect altruism towards the researchers. Following observing the views of participants who had listened to a particular interview, Maner et al. (2002) suggested that negative emotional states like sadness are more likely to lead to helping others rather than genuine altruism. While it is difficult to prove that true altruism does exist, Batson and colleagues a dopted a very different angle with regards to this concept. For instance, in a similar but earlier study, Batson, Sager, Garst, Kang, Rubchinsky and Dawson (1997) again used only university students to assess empathy and helping behaviour towards a young woman in need. In certain conditions, this woman was depicted as being from a rival university yet the students displayed empathy and a willingness to help. As with much of Batsons research, this paper argued that empathy for others brings about natural altruism in people. These above examples highlight the entirely different ways in which altruism can be framed. Krueger (2012) alludes to the idea that the search for true altruism is one that cannot realistically bring success. Research has unfortunately historically been rather black and white in its mission to explain altruism. It has almost featured a rivalry between benefitting the self against motives to benefit others. Krueger (2012, p.397) argues that it is more important to protect the motive to benefit others from being discounted while essentially avoiding branding people as selfish. It is perhaps possible to learn something valuable about the nature of altruism from a piece of research regarding giving blood (Evans and Ferguson, 2013). It is difficult to generalise findings to the wider population given that it involved only university students. However, this particular paper examined, via surveying an impressive 414 responders, the motivating factors underpinning white blood donation. Evans and Ferguson (2013) reported that giving blood does not appear to be an act that reflects the actual definition of pure altruism. Instead, a blend of factors such as a sense of contributing to society, a feeling of being able to benefit others and personal satisfaction might explain blood donation. There are apparent benefits to the individual giving blood in the experience of positive emotions, described as warm glow by Evans and Ferguson (2013). This may not reflect true altruism. It would however seem unfair to suggest that the generally accepted altruistic act of giving blood is selfish. If one continues to accept the view earlier put forward by May (2012), it would help to have some acceptance that it may not be possible to really know if true altruism exists. In a cross-cultural qualitative paper, Soosai-Nathan, Negri and Delle-Fave (2013) documented evidence from Indian and Italian cultures that illustrated that altruism can be more than a pro-social behaviour. Soosai-Nathan et al. (2013) suggest that altruism can help to improve relationships and boosts happiness and wellbeing. It would also be useful to view this in a positive light if possible while clearly, these types of personal rewards may well reinforce the altruistic behavior. It is fundamentally a good human quality though. This may be a more useful area for further research to improve wellbeing rather than aiming to disprove altruism, which has quite a dehumani sing feel to it. It would however be ignorant to bypass the idea that altruism is influenced by a number of factors. It would be overly simplistic to accept that it is just a natural trait of individuals. The area of giving money to fundraisers adds interesting insights to the understanding of altruism. Andreoni, Rao, and Tratchtman (2011) conducted a natural field experiment involving monitoring the giving of money to fundraisers in a particular area of Boston, USA, and noted that a high volume of people avoided, via a number of means, the fundraisers who were standing at exits of a shopping centre. Robson (2002) warns of the dangers of these types of studies, e.g. loss of ability to control variables and loss of validity. Nonetheless, Andreoni et al. (2011) suggest that people may avoid eye contact with a fundraiser as empathy may be triggered otherwise, leading to the giving of money. On the other hand, people may give as they would like to be seen as being altruistic. There may also be a compromise between giving money to charity and balancing personal finances. Andreoni et al. (2011) conclude that altruism in people is influenced significantly by a combination of social cues and psychological mechanisms. This is perhaps unsurprising but helps to illustrate the complexity of human altruism. Conclusions Firstly, it would seem incorrect to necessarily reject findings from pro or indeed anti altruism research. May (2012) summed things up nicely, reminding that so often, peoples true intentions and thoughts about a situation are not visible even to themselves. If one accepts this then there might not be great confidence in suggesting either that altruism definitely exists or that all acts are selfish. Altruism can certainly be viewed as a fairly controversial concept and one that has featured in social psychology theory and research for some years. It would appear that it is extremely difficult to be involved in a truly altruistic act and Staub (1974) much earlier alluded to this as generally when one acts in a pro-social way, inwardly, it can be rewarding, bringing about positive feelings. When considering all of the available evidence, perhaps it can be concluded that altruism in its truest sense, as its very definition states, does not exist. However, there is likely to be a n altruism continuum upon where most people in society would sit, rather than acts necessarily being classed in a fairly black and white fashion as altruistic or selfish. Krueger (2012) adopts a common sense stance on altruism and is suggestive that it exists and people do engage in acts designed to benefit others, without intended personal gain. References Andreoni, J., Rao, J. M., Trachtman, H. (2011). Avoiding the ask: a field experiment on altruism, empathy, and charitable giving. (No. w17648). National bureau of economic research. Batson, C.D., and Coke, J.S. (1981). Empathy: A source of altruistic motivation for helping? In Rushton, J.P., and Sorrentino, R.M. (eds.), Altruism and helping behaviour: Social, personality, and developmental perspectives (pp. 167-183). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Batson, C.D., and Oleson, K.C. (1991). Current status of the empathy-altruism hypothesis. In Clark, M.S. (ed), Prosocial behaviour (pp. 62-85). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Batson, D.C., Sager, K., Garst, E., Kang, M., Rubchinsky, K., and Dawson, K. (1997). Is empathy-induced helping due to self-other merging? Journal of personality and social psychology, 73 (3), 495-509. Bierhoff, H-W. (2002). Prosocial behaviour. East Sussex: Psychology Press. Brown, S.L., and Maner, J.K. (2012). Egoism or altruism: Hard-nosed experiments and deep p hilosophical questions. In Kenrick, D.T., Goldstein, N.J., and Braver, S.L. (ed), Six degrees of social influence: Science, application and the psychology of Robert Cialdini (pp. 109-118). New York: Oxford University Press. Evans, R. and Ferguson, E. (2013).Defining and measuring blood donor altruism: A theoretical approach from biology, economics and psychology. The International journal of transfusion medicine, 106, 118-126. Available from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/vox.12080/pdf (Accessed 01/10/15). Hogg, M.A., Vaughan, G.M. (2008). Social psychology (5th Edition). England: Pearson Education Limited. Krueger, J.I. (2012). Altruism gone mad. In Oakley, B., Knafo, A., Madhaven, G., and Wilson, D.S. (ed), Pathological altruism (pp. 395-405). New York: Oxford University Press. Macaulay, J.R., and Berkowitz, L.   (eds.) (1970). Altruism and helping behaviour: Social psychological studies of some antecedents and consequences. New York: Academic Press . Maner, J.K., Luce, C.L., Neuberg, S.L., Cialdini, R.B., Brown, S., and Sagarin, B.J. (2002). The effect of perspective taking on motivations for helping: Still no evidence for altruism. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 28, 1601-1610. Manucia, G.K.,Baumann, D.J., and Cialdini , R.B. (1984). Mood influences on helping: Direct effects or side effects? Journal of personality and social psychology, 46 (2), 357-364. May, J. (2011). Egoism, empathy and self-other merging. Southern journal of philosophy, 49, 25-39. Piliavin, J.A., and Charng, H-W. (1990). Altruism: A review of recent theory and research. Annual review of sociology, 16, 27-65. Piliavin, J.A., Dovidio, J.F., Gaertner,S.L., and Clark, R.D. (1981). Emergency intervention. New York: Academic Press. Robson, C. (2002). Real world research (2nd edition). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. Soosai-Nathan, L., Negri, L., and Delle-Fave, A. (2013). Beyond pro-social behaviour: An exploration of altruism in two cultures. Psychological studies, 58 (2), 103-114. Staub, E. (1974). Helping a distressed person: Social, personality and stimulus dterminants. In Berkowitz, L. (ed.), Advances in experimental and social psychology (Vol. 7), pp. 294-341. New York: Academic Press. Wilson, D.S. (2015). Does altruism exist?: Culture, genes and the welfare of others. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Essay What is Psychology and Who Are Psychologists

Psychology is an extensive field of scientific studies from behaviors to mental processing (Zimbardo et. all, 2010, p.2). Psychology is also not to be confused with â€Å"common sense facts†, nor should it be considered only speculation. Psychology follows an empirical approach based on observations as well as scientific research (Zimbardo et. all, 2010, p.3). Often in our culture we see â€Å"factual† information being shown as proven scientifically, when in reality is pseudopsychology, or psychological findings that are falsely presented as scientific (Zimbardo et. all, 2010, p.4). This pseudopsychology can be harmful to people by aiding false beliefs that can lead to over generalized stereotypes and myths of certain people (Zimbardo et. all,†¦show more content†¦(Zimbardo et. all, 2010, pp. 15-19). Psychologists, just like any other scientist, use the scientific method for research and studies (Zimbardo et. all, 2010, p.28). 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Analysis Of `` Killings `` By Andre Dubus - 835 Words

By analyzing the conflicts of stories help readers understand why the specific characters act certain ways. We better comprehend the characters’ personality and why the flaws of other character affect the main character. Are main characters’ problems the result of other characters’ personality flaws? Characters endure arduous situations and it is because of another character’s flaw. Being possessiveness, overly critical, and controlling of others are the reason for main characters problems. When a characters flaw is dominating, it causes much problem to another character. An example of possessiveness is by the antagonist, Richard in â€Å"Killings† by Andre Dubus. Matt’s problem is a result of Richards selfishness. Richard is possessive of Mary Ann is ex wife is filing for divorce. â€Å"Richard Strout shot Frank in front of the boys† (115). Frank is Matt’s son, who Richard has killed because of his selfishness of seeing his ex wife with Frank. Matt’s problem is full of sadness and anger which makes him commit murder on killing Richard. â€Å" He walks the Goddamn streets† (Dubus 111). Since Richards been out of jail. He walks around, living a free and normal life since he has gotten out, like nothing has happened. That angers Matt. Richard does not want to see ex wife Mary Ann with nobody else. Even though Richard has a new wife he is still possessive with his ex wife, not wanting anyone to be with her. When a characters flaw is being judgmental, it causes much problem to anotherShow MoreRelatedEssay on Analysis of Killings by Andre Dubus 881 Words   |  4 PagesThe major theme of Andre Dubus’ Killing,s is how far someone would go for the person they love. It is important to note the title of the story is killings and not killers, for the reasoning that the story does not just focus on two deaths or two murderers but rather the death of marriage, friendship, youth, and overall, trust. Richard Strout was married to Mary Ann, who was most likely fed up with his hot temperedness that always seemed to get him into fist fights. She separated from her husbandRead MoreEssay Theme Analysis of Killings by Andre Dubus 741 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Killings, written by Andre Dubus in 1979, involves several aspects such as revenge, morality, and murder. Elements, such as the story’s title, the order of events, and the development of the characters, are very unique. It successfully evokes emotion and suspense as the plot unfolds in sequence. Though it seems easily overlooked, the title â€Å"Killings† is very important due to the fact that the thrill of suspense is left in the mind of the reader. The title encourages readers to question who andRead MoreThematic Analys in Andre Dubus’ Killings Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Killings The major theme of Andre Dubus’ Killings is how far someone would go for the person they love. It is important to note the title of the story is killings and not killers, for the reasoning that the story does not just focus on two deaths or two murderers but rather the death of marriage, friendship, youth, and overall, trust. Richard Strout was married to Mary Ann, who was most likely fed up with his hot temperedness that always seemed to get him into fist fights. She separatedRead MoreCharacterization of Diazs Yunior741 Words   |  3 Pageshe wants them to. He realizes that his father is always going to be the way he is and nothing he does will change him. Works Cited Dubus, Andre. â€Å"Killings.† The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 9th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. 103-115. Print. http://www.teachingcollegeenglish.com How to write a characterization analysis: Introduction, body paragraph, and conclusion. Web.

Knowledge Management Assignment

Questions: One detailed proposal should be submitted. The proposal should be 3 pages long (single-spaced), excluding appendices (Figures, Tables, etc.). It should focus on improvement in knowledge management in this proposal, you should describe three following points. (a) the problems in the current KM, focusing on specific aspects (e.g., knowledge creation, sharing, and utilization of clearly identified areas of knowledge for disseminating information, improving decision making or generating insight/knowledge). (b) the proposed improvement (which should not be a laundry list of several minor changes, but a substantially different approach think process re-engineering; (c) The costs and benefits of the proposed changes to KM. In developing this proposal, you may borrow ideas from the book chapters or the cases discussed in class, but creativity (as long as not so wild as to be indefensible) will also be considered very important. Answers: 1. Problem statement As Chang et al. (2012) stated that, knowledge management is the system to gather efficiently, share and capture organizational knowledge. It helps an organization to meet corporate objectives by making the best use of existing knowledge. As Andreeva and Kianto (2012) mentioned that, in order to gain sustainable position in the in the market, a company needs to focus on various aspects related to knowledge management. They are such as knowledge creation, sharing. However, most of the companies at the present day are not able to foster a culture that encourages efficient sharing of information. As Amine Chatti (2012) stated that, knowledge is not a recoverable object. Hence, in order to remain updated about the present business situation, a company needs to develop effective knowledge sharing procedure. Management of an organization needs to develop a map for knowledge repositories, so that it can be accessed by every employee of the organization (Clark 2012). Most of the organizations are not able to understand the importance of knowledge management in decision making system. There is various IT-based knowledge management strategy can be implemented in a business organization, which can help to understand customers purchasing pattern. It has been found that clumsy information system can lead to inappropriate inventory decisions and unnecessary labor cost (Whyte and Classen 2012). 2. Proposed improvement plan In order to improve knowledge management system of an organization, process re-engineering can be used. As Whyte and Classen (2012) stated that, business process engineering is the strategy, which helps to design business process and workflows within a company. It helps a company to rethink about its customer services and cut down operational costs. As Quintana et al. (2012) stated that, in order to remain constant in the competitive market most of the companies should adopt process reengineering. A company needs to focus on developing IT infrastructure, as it is an important part of process re-engineering implementation. There are some steps that a company can follow to develop business process re-engineering. They are mentioned below: Effective measurement of IT infrastructure of the company Development of IT infrastructure for effective decision making Development of effective process re-engineering strategy Aligning IT functions with process re-engineering strategy 3. Cost and benefits of the proposed changes As Quintana et al. (2012) mentioned that, in a case of a smaller organization, cost issues have a major impact while implementing process re-engineering. The majority of the organizations think restructuring model as the process of downsizing. Most of the companies think about to get rid of excess workers to cut down the cost. The major benefits of process re-engineering are that it helps a company to align IT infrastructure of a company with strategic business process (Chang et al. 2012). It provides a continuous process of incremental change that indicates the level of knowledge gain in each shift in cycle. As Whyte and Classen (2012) stated that, process re-engineering is a feedback loop that encourages constant evaluation of results and individual effort of improvement. It also provides appropriate risk handling procedure that can improve the decision making process of an organization. Reference List Amine Chatti, M. 2012. Knowledge management: a personal knowledge network perspective.J of Knowledge Management, 16(5), pp.829-844. Andreeva, T. and Kianto, A., 2012. Does knowledge management really matter? Linking knowledge management practices, competitiveness and economic performance.Journal of Knowledge Management,16(4), pp.617-636. Chang, R., Spahlinger, D. and Kim, C. 2012. Re-Engineering the Post-Discharge Appointment Process for General Medicine Patients.The Patient: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, 5(1), pp.27-32. Clark, L. 2012. Knowledge Management Impact Challenge case story overview.Knowledge Management for Development Journal, 8(1), pp.13-29. Dahalin, Z. and Yusof, S. 2012. Using Business Process Re-engineering to Increase Process Efficiency of E-Catalogue Distribution System.IBIMABR, pp.1-8. Durst, S. and Runar Edvardsson, I. 2012. Knowledge management in SMEs: a literature review.J of Knowledge Management, 16(6), pp.879-903. Fred, A. 2013.Knowledge discovery, knowledge engineering and knowledge management. Berlin: Springer. Fuller, S., 2012.Knowledge management foundations. Routledge. Groff, T. and Jones, T., 2012.Introduction to knowledge management. Routledge. Groznik, A. and Maslaric, M. 2012. A process approach to distribution channel reà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ engineering.Journal of Ent Info Management, 25(2), pp.123-135. Kamhawi, E. 2012. Knowledge management fishbone: a standard framework of organizational enablers.J of Knowledge Management, 16(5), pp.808-828. Peet, M. 2012. Leadership transitions, tacit knowledge sharing and organizational generativity.J of Knowledge Management, 16(1), pp.45-60. Quintana, V., Rivest, L., Pellerin, R. and Kheddouci, F. 2012. Re-engineering the Engineering Change Management process for a drawing-less environment.Computers in Industry, 63(1), pp.79-90. Rao, M., 2012.Knowledge management tools and techniques. Routledge. Richards, D. and Kang, B. 2012.Knowledge management and acquisition for intelligent systems. Berlin: Springer. Schiuma, G. 2012. Managing knowledge for business performance improvement.J of Knowledge Management, 16(4), pp.515-522. Teije, A. 2012.Knowledge engineering and knowledge management. Berlin: Springer.

Explore the ways Shakespeare presents ideas of society in The Tempest Essay Example

Explore the ways Shakespeare presents ideas of society in The Tempest Essay The Tempest was Shakespeares last play written alone. He used it to express his thoughts on the structure of society, albeit through using certain characters as a mouthpiece. These characters include Gonzalo and Prospero. To begin with, the society on the island consists only of Prospero, Miranda, Caliban and the spirits, which only appear to Prospero. One theme in the play is the idea of usurpation, which is shown several times throughout. One of Calibans reasons for hating Prospero is his idea that Prospero usurped him as ruler of the island. This is made clear as early as Act 1 Scene 2, when Caliban says This islands mine, by Sycorax my mother, which thou takst from me. Antonio also usurped Prospero as Duke of Milan, Stephano wishes to be king of th isle and Sebastian plots to kill Alonso to become King of Naples. On the island, it seems that all social restraints are removed. Antonio and Sebastian would never have dared to plot to murder Alonso back in Italy. The anonymity of the island means that the characters genuine feelings are shown, rather than hidden. This is shown by Antonio and Sebastians conversation. Draw thy sword: one stroke Shall free thee from the tribute which thou payest/And I the king shall love thee.. And also by Gonzalos speech. We will write a custom essay sample on Explore the ways Shakespeare presents ideas of society in The Tempest specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Explore the ways Shakespeare presents ideas of society in The Tempest specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Explore the ways Shakespeare presents ideas of society in The Tempest specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I think that the play also has messages about colonisation of countries for the British Empire. This is due to the fact that at the time new countries were still being discovered by British explorers like Walter Raleigh. The idea of a ship of nobles landing on an unknown island and disturbing the natives (Caliban) is evocative of the explorers at the time. This does not necessarily mean that Shakspeare is showing his disapproval of colonisation; he could just be including it as a way for the audience to relate the plot to England at the time. Gonzalos speeches in Act 2 Scene 1 are the main indicator of Shakespeares social idealism within the play. He begins by saying Had I plantation of this isle. Here Gonzalo is speculating on the possibilities of the island. However, this also shows that even old, kind Gonzalo wishes for power and control, thus consolidating power as a central theme within the play. Letters should not be known seems at first to suggest that there would be no formal education or even use of written language on the island, but seeing as this could be Shakespeares utopia expressed through Gonzalo, this doesnt appear to make sense. Shakespeare made his living through writing, and so I think that it seems more likely they are referring to names, or the class system, where everyone was judged by their lineage. However, it is significant that at the end of the play, Prospero chooses to give up his magic and return to Italy, and Italian society, where he will in be in charge as is his birthright. This would sat isfy Prosperos need for power. Whilst on the island, Prospero has learned how to become a good leader. This is shown by the way in which he tells Miranda by delayed exposition that those (his magic) being all my study, I cast government upon my brother. This quotation implies that Prospero knows he paved the way for his brother to take over. It also shows that he now knows he was a neglectful leader, which shows some humility, perhaps meaning that his character has changed since being marooned on the island. Gonzalo muses on creating a commonwealth on the island, with no sovreignty, in the presence of the King of Naples. This is quite startling in its outspokeness, and starts to disabuse us of the notion that Gonzalo is just a kindly old fool. This gives us another parallel between Shakespeare and Gonzalo, as Gonzalo voices his commonwealth idea in front of the king, and Shakespeare is sending this message out in front of an audience that could very likely have included royalty. Also, I believe that Prospero presents some ideas of society too. He is a very dominant character, speaking the epilogue, which is unusual for a main character in a Shakespeare play. Prospero manipulates the characters and shapes the story, and is almost always totally in control. This helps to show the manipulative elements in his character. The Tempest tells the story of Prosperos usurpation, and, to put it simply, the plot to get his dukedom back. Prospero presents himself as a victim of his brothers ambition, but it is later shown to us that Prospero was a poor ruler, far more interested in his books than in looking after his country, as is shown but the words those being all my study/ the government I cast upon my brother. Already, due to his dukedom, Prospero is cast in the role of leader. We know that Shakespeare has portrayed him as neglectful of his duties during his reign. This could be a comment on the negative points of having one all powerful leader, as Prosperos charact er does have several negative elements in. He is controlling (quotation), and petty, he threatens Caliban, saying to-night thou shalt have cramps/Side-stitches that shall pen thy breath up Prosperos controlling nature manifests itself in his desire to keep everything happening exactly when and how he wants it. When Miranda and Ferdinand begin to fall in love (as he planned) he says They are both in eithers powers/ But this swift business/ I must uneasy make. He needs it to happen exactly as he planned. Another example of this would be when Ariel asks for his liberty. Instead of asking Ariel for a few hours more, Prospero shows his autocratic nature by reminding Ariel of how he rescued him, and how he can punish him again. The small society on the island that Prospero has created for himself, Miranda and Caliban has him has the head of it. Both Caliban and Miranda obey him, and there is no-one to question his authority. Although he refuses to free Ariel and enslaves Caliban, he never actually intends to harm anyone. This is shown by his question to Ariel But are they, Ariel, safe? It also seems like Ariel actually has the power on the island, as Prospero needs him to work his magic. The way he rules on the island could, therefore be likened to the way we are told he ruled in Milan, where although it was actually him that was the Duke, his brother ruled the country. This idea of society that Prospero has created on the island is that of a single all-powerful ruler. Prospero is eager to return to Naples and the rigid social structure of Italian high society. I believe that this is because the small, relaxed society on the island did not satisfy his need for power over others. He does relinquish his magic, however, which was the main source of his power on the island. I feel that this is because he knows that when he is back in Italy he will not need magic powers to control people, as he will be the rightful duke, and this will be respected by members of Italian society. This also is another example of how important the theme of power is. In conclusion, I think that the island is a microcosm of society, and due to its size, and the small number of people on there, everything is concentrated. For example, Sebastians desire to be King would probably have been suppressed back in Italy, but on the island it is not.

buy custom Cardinal Health essay

buy custom Cardinal Health essay This paper seeks to analyze the case of Cardinal Health, and particularly the distribution aspect of the business. Cardinal Health is a business that deals with health care products. For the past 15 years, Cardinal has joined the books of business as one of the largest US company that has attained growth on a per share basis exceeding 20%. This is a remarkable trend for such a company, but it is yet to be seen if Cardinal Health will be able to continue its growth considering its approach. The reason behind Cardinal Healths growth was acquisition, and it is becoming doubtful whether this approach could sustain the growth in the coming years. There were signs that the approach the business has taken could bring about negative consequences, such as accounting practices referred to as stock crushing amongst wholesalers. The practice, done by even their own suppliers - Pfizer, was driving down Cardinals stock price regardless of their healthy and steady growth in earnings. Business analy sts attribute a companys growth to different factors, but the utmost two items responsible for any business growth are high performing business management techniques and appropriate financial models and principles. This paper will scrutinize Cardinal Healths case and make recommendations on the decisions the management will have to make so as to sustain the earning per share growth (Pearce Robinson, 2011). Bob Walter, a top manager at Cardinal Health, believed that the topical blow-ups at main US companies had taken place due to ultra fast growth, unfocused strategies, and high debt. According to Walter, Cardinal Health had neither of the above shortcomings as it had grown gradually and had low debt of 16% of their total capital. In addition, the manager justifies the approach the business took for its growth, i.e. acquisition, by saying that the business had followed an acquisition program that never strayed from selling to pharmacies, pharmaceutical makers, and hospitals. Unfortunately, Walter forgets that it takes more than the above three reasons for a company to go down. The current speed bump the company was facing maybe due to other reasons apart from the debt, pace of growth, and approach the business takes in expansion. Cardinal had survived other significant threats to its stock price like Clintons health care plan, and the introduction of the Internet distribution, and, ther efore, Walter believes that this speed bump was just like the others (Tjia, 2004). When it comes to using the acquisition approach to expand a business, there are some significant decisions that a business needs to make to ensure constant growth. Drug business is a business that needs to put its customers at the forefront and, therefore, Cardinal Health should change its management to customer-focused management. This management style will increase the number of satisfied customers, and this will eventually lead to an increase in profits. Acquisition approach that Cardinal Health has taken requires teamwork and collaboration in order to overcome the current speed bump. Acquisition means other businesses coming together under the banner of Cardinal Health. In this situation, different businesses or companies will come up with ways management and operations, and for companies to learn to work together as one there has to be collaboration and teamwork (Hitchner, 2003). Cardinal Health needs to avoid the practice of relying on documented and outdated protocols and seek out new ways to do business. The current business world, especially the drug industry, requires management style that is characterized by high performance, as well as establishment and cooperation of intradepartmental and cross-disciplinary teams. The health care industry is under intense pressure to reduce its costs, yet customers demand service and functionality, and in such a case, there must be teamwork to achieve high profits. There needs to be efficient propagation of information and discussion among staff members from all corners of the business. This will be helpful in identifying possibilities for change and space for improvement from front-line operations by means of marketing. Collaboration and teamwork help in producing new ideas and the much-needed responsibility of the teams that gives the employees some sense of commitment, belonging, and potential for innovation (Souda gar Iyer, 2012). Staff development is another management technique that Cardinal Health can implement to overcome the current speed bump. Dedication to cross-training, staff development, and training pays off not only because it increases the performance and value of employees but also because it helps retain the organizations best players. Health care is a growing industry with several competitors coming up and where staff movement is on the rise. To nsure its efficient services Cardinal Health will have to retain its employees, and this will only be through staff development. By making a commitment to enhance its employees, Cardinal Health boosts their community spirit and meaning. At Cardinal health, the main trainings are to reinforce the companys brand, and this does not encompass the employees experience. On the other hand, cross-training is absolutely essential because it permits staff members to comprehend the tasks of different departments, increases teamwork, and leads to advanced organizat ional function. Efficient employees are paramount in the health care industry because unlike in other business it has no substitute goods. Under the pharmaceuticals industry, customers do not substitute their goods, and this will call for highly trained employees to manage the business (Rasiel Friga, 2001). Another notable high performance management technique that is advisable to Cardinal Health is leadership commitment, especially at the top management level. Senior leadership, which is comprised of the board of directors and chief executive office, needs to show confidence of the companys leadership and readiness to change as times are changing. Cardinal Health is a business that has been around for the past 32 years, and there are high chances that the mode of leadership is a traditional one. Traditional hierarchy maybe one of the reasons for the business current financial problems, and change in the leadership commitment will bring changes. Bob Walter and other top management need to have the commitment to the company, particularly at this time of the speed bump. From the managers statements, he considers the current speed bump as any other obstacle that the company has faced in the earlier times, and it is only for a short while. It is easy, for a business expanding on an acquisit ion approach to fail to earn profits because of poor management and lack of devotion from the leaders (Burleson, 2003). It is clear from the current slow growth of the company that the long-term future is not visible. Cardinals incredible growth for the past 15 years is slowing down because of some aspects the management did not implement from the start. The acquisition approach lacks leadership commitment, staff development, and teamwork and collaboration that are essential to sustain the companys expansion. Cardinal Health plans to expand into international markets, but with the recent records of slow growth, this seems to be an impossible task. Health care is a tremendously powerful and dynamic industry with exciting prospects for future growth in the United States. Cardinal Health, being a member of this industry, has a potential for growing to greater lengths. According to records, the consumer segment spent $610 billion on health care, and out of the total expenditure, 74% went to pharmaceuticals. This means that Cardinal, being an outstanding player in the pharmaceutical industry, has lots of i ncome. The size of Cardinal Health is also an indication of the capital, especially considering all the other businesses the company has managed to acquire. The 2006 records indicate that Cardinal Health had revenues of $81 billion, ranking number 19 on the Fortune 500. In addition, the business owned 30% of the pharmaceutical distribution business. Such high funds in a business call for proper financial model and principles in order for the business to sustain its earnings. Cardinal Health is a business that has been in the medical care industry for a long time. During this period it has expanded to be one of the largest companies in the US. It owes its success to the best financial models, such as the deterministic financial models. The momentous question concerning Cardinal Health is whether it will sustain the expansion and growth of its earnings per share for the next years. The most recommendable financial model is one that will forecast the companys future financial status, and in this case, deterministic financial models are proper. In this model, financial data is fed into a spreadsheet to undergo a number of computations before a result is displayed. Most financial models, such as a deterministic one, work well with businesses that have historical information, which helps in deriving the correlation between essential p rognostic variables. In Cardinal Healths case, we will use historical accounting connections to predict key revenue and cost variables. Through this financial model, the business will be able to tell its financial standings, and also whether the current speed bump will end. The reason as to why deterministic financial models will work well for Cardinal Health Company is because it makes use of sensitivity analysis tables of one or two-dimensional type that assess the question of uncertainty and risk in the models outcomes. Eaach of the created tables allows a monetary analyst to simultaneously conduct investigation into one or two variables. The benefit of the tables is their simplicity and effortless integration into easily accessible financial models of deterministic type that are already in place. Cardinal Health is popular for competing in four business segments, such as pharmaceutical distribution and provider, medical-surgical products and services, pharmaceuticals services and technologies, and automation and information services. The following table gives an outline of the four principal segments that Cardinal Health offer services (Jacques, 2010). Pharmaceuticals Distribution and service provider Medical Products and Services Clinical Technologies and services Pharmaceutical Technologies and Services Cardinal Distribution Allegiance - Cardinal Health Company Cardinal Health Information Companies ALP (Automated Liquid Packaging)- Cardinal Health Company Cardinal Health Provider Services Cardinal Health Staffing Network Central Pharmacy Services Cardinal Health Consulting Services Pyxis Cardinal Health company Cardinal Health Manufacturing Services Cardinal Health Sales and Marketing Services CORD Logistics Medicine Shoppe International - Cardinal Health Company Cardinal Health National PharmPak Cardinal NSS- National Specialty Services Vistant- Cardinal Health Company IPC (International Processing) - Cardinal Health Company PCI Services R.P.Scherer- Cardinal Health Company SP Pharmaceutical- Cardinal Health Company In 2002, Bob Walter stated that tradition and culture of Cardinal had given it a strong foundation for its competitiveness in the pharmaceutical industry. One can not but agree with the manager that tradition and culture gives a company its foundations, but as time goes by several things change. The techniques and guidelines that may have worked for Cardinal Health in the past years may not be sufficient to manage the current competition in the health care industry. Changing the management strategies could be one way to help the company to survive its current speed bump and ensure continued expansion. In addition, the company can change its mode of expanding for instance from using the acquisition approach to concentrating on expanding its services. Having acquired most of the small businesses in the drugs industry, it is time for Cardinal to employ another approach that will improve its expansion. Health care industry comprises several other areas that Cardinal can venture into, and in turn, this will also expand the business. Currently, Cardinal Health concentrates only on four segments in the health care industry, and yet it is still growing. Diverging to other health care segments will see to its expansion and avoid the current speed bump the company is experiencing. By expanding the segments in which the company deals with Cardinal Health will also be increasing its customer base and in the end, it could capture the entire health care market. Furthermore, this will ensure that customers and suppliers do not migrate to other market niches because Cardinal will be the Most businesses undergo slow growth, especially after an extended time of expansion. In any business, time is of the essence and with time, the field keeps changing. It is up to the management and other key players in the business to transform the business to suit the changing times and environment. From Cardinal Healths historical information the company started out as a food company and later on it underwent a transformation. This transformation led to Cardinal being one of the largest health care products distributors, and it has grown for the past 15 years. It is time for Cardinal Health to transform itself, change its approaches of expansion, and the management techniques to those that will sustain its expansion trend. Lastly, the company needs to make use of use of proper financial models, i.e. deterministic financial models, that will be resplendent in forecasting the financial position of the business. Buy custom Cardinal Health essay

Analysis of performance management of Marks and Spencer with interview Essay

Analysis of performance management of Marks and Spencer with interview questions - Essay Example From this research it is clear that the multi-channel sale is one of the reasons why the company is successful in the U.K. The customers are also more fashion conscious and are less sensitive to prices. They would be ready to go for the trendiest clothes even if it is overly priced. The existences of competition in the market with other brands that are equally high priced have helped the brand to survive in the U.K. market with the high end products. There is abundance of shoppers in Britain who make their purchases from the high end stores. The people of the British Market are more conscious about their health. Therefore they would go for the luxury food products. The sales of these products reach the peak during Christmas. The company also has a strong brand presence in UK. Most of the shoppers go to the stores and are ready to pay high because of the label under which they are buying. Company’s approach towards dealing with the customers and understanding the pulse of the m arket was the reason for company’s sudden growth. When the strategy that our team took became successful in the homeland of the brand the senior management of Marks & Spencer took a decision to engage our entire team in China to understand the market situation and to help increase the sales figures in the country. Hence sending this team for handling the China market was again a strategic move by the senior management of M&S to increase the market share in China. ... The customers are also more fashion conscious and are less sensitive to prices. They would be ready to go for the trendiest clothes even if it is overly priced (Kurtz, 2010, p. 147). The existences of competition in the market with other brands that are equally high priced have helped the brand to survive in the U.K. market with the high end products. There is abundance of shoppers in Britain who make their purchases from the high end stores. The people of the British Market are more conscious about their health. Therefore they would go for the luxury food products. The sales of these products reach the peak during Christmas. The company also has a strong brand presence in UK. Most of the shoppers go to the stores and are ready to pay high because of the label under which they are buying. Company’s approach towards dealing with the customers and understanding the pulse of the market was the reason for company’s sudden growth. When the strategy that our team took became successful in the homeland of the brand the senior management of Marks & Spencer took a decision to engage our entire team in China to understand the market situation and to help increase the sales figures in the country. Hence sending this team for handling the China market was again a strategic move by the senior management of M&S to increase the market share in China. Our team had been entrusted with the duty of analyzing the market properly and to find out how the sales can be increased. The target market had to be identified and the pricing strategies had to be developed to make an impact on the bottom line. The brand commenced its operations in China in 2008. We opened up 14 stores in different parts of China. The shop

The Nature of Leadership Style in Nursing Management Research Paper

The Nature of Leadership Style in Nursing Management - Research Paper Example The research article ‘The Nature of Leadership style in Nursing Management’ by John Azaare and Janet Gross addresses the problem of leadership among the nurse managers, and how their leadership styles affect nurses and general operations of the health facility setting. The authors have adequately defined the problem as addressed in the research paper. Therefore, the purpose of the study is adequately stated and defined as identifying the style of leadership adopted by nurse leaders, the effectiveness of such leadership styles, and evaluating how different nurses react to such leadership styles in healthcare settings, are taken into account. The study is significant to nursing; it highlights problems in the administration of healthcare facilities and sensitizes nurse managers to adopt effective leadership styles that are evidence-based, and avoid styles that may demoralize the staff leading to low productivity. The significance of the study is to identify the nurse leader ship styles in most developing nations such as Ghana, and how it affects the operations of healthcare facilities. The paradigm in use in the study is the naturalistic paradigm. In a naturalistic paradigm, there are a number of realities involved, which can only be studied holistically; they cannot be controlled, though a good level of understanding regarding these issues can be achieved. Similarly, in this research, there are a number of factors at play in determining the leadership styles of a nurse manager.... This approach increases the value of the study in that by connecting all the aspects of an inquiry in determining nurse managers’ leadership styles, and the effectiveness of such leadership in nursing, the researchers indirectly bring out a certain preferred approach to the idea of nurse leadership. Such preferred approach would be a managerial style that increases nurse motivation while promoting cooperation between the nurse and nurse manager. The theoretical framework which involves citing of previous researches is well integrated throughout the research. Using such a framework in the qualitative research allows the researchers to have some grounds through which they critically examine similar issues regarding nurse managers in different locations. Ethical Aspects The research adequately observed all the ethical requirements, and exhausted the necessary approval and permission from authorities before carrying out the research. Such included obtaining permission from the rel evant hospital authorities before carrying out the research, requesting the nurse to participate in the research willingly, well informed, and by not revealing the names of the respondents and the hospitals in which the research was carried out. However, the author did not take due diligence in protecting the nurses from harm. The research portrays the nurse leaders as harsh and people who use authority to suppress their subordinates. The nurses participating in the above research were outsourced from nursing units and wards in the two hospitals. All the respondents were directly under a nurse manager in these hospitals. Consequently, there were chances of such nurse being victimized by the nurse managers

Should The Internet Be Regulated Media Essay

Should The Internet Be Regulated Media Essay Internet censorship has become a hot topic to discuss at various levels in the government as well as within private entities and individuals. This is the taking control of what can be accessed viewed or published through the net (Zuchora, 5). It has been argued as to who should be mandated with the responsibility of internet control. This may be approved by the government or private organizations. There may be also self censorship by individuals and private organizations for their own advantage such as morals, religious and business reasons. However much has been said that the government should take control of the information sent and received through the internet. Some of the motives why the government is prepared to take control are to conform to society norms, control intimidation among people and also spread of fear among people in any country (Zuchora, 5). According to Obama, the US president he said, we are going to promote new and better tools of communication so as people can be empowered and be free to connect with other people in the society and thus with security. The government is going to support a free and also open internet so that people have needed information to help them in making decisions. It is also time to embrace the power of internet and its impact to our community. Internet has been known to improve peoples communication as well as reduce the distance barrier among two communicating people. It has been known to impact every aspect of our lives from the way we are taught in school to the way we get news and even how we find and maintain friends. Internet has led to the invention of internet based system. The internet based systems are literally used in most businesses now. They have improved efficiency and effectiveness especially in the delivery of goods and services (Bidgoli, 25). Internet also improved the storage of data, we no longer have to use files as a way of storing data. This reduced the manual filing systems which was slow and insecure. This ultimately reduced the service time especially in hospitals, banks and all service industries. Over time, there have been differing opinions on the topic internet censorship. Arguments have been made both for and against the need for the government to censor the information flowing through the internet. The degree of censorship varies from one country to the other. Some may have highly strict internet censorship such as the Arabic countries i.e. Iran. On the other hand, other countries may have extremely little internet censorship such as USA. However, the government should not limit the extent and magnitude of access to the internet in any country. This is because through the internet people have been benefiting from it such as getting news, advertising in case of businesses. There are numerous benefits associated with the use of internet in the community. This explains why I am against the issue of government censoring the internet (Zuchora, 7). A good illustration is the case of Iran, there was a plan by the Iranian to switch the internet in the county into a domestic netwo rk that was supposed to improve security. The officials in charge argued about improving deliberate cyber attacks, but the Iranians took it as an initiative to filter information online. One of the main obstacles experienced in the community when government censors the internet is the denial of the freedom of speech to the people. Internet use has increased over the last decade. The internet is believed to contain all types of information one may require. Fear of chaos should not be used as the bases to deny people (internet users) the right to express themselves and their feeling. Hence it should not be used for unwarranted censorship of the speech. The supporters of censorship argue that they are protecting the society from abuse such as sexual materials and hate being spread over the internet. However, there have been no well laid bases to determine what is bad to the people. People should be allowed to express their views on any topic in the community. Through the internet, business entities have been able to market their products both locally and internationally. Moreover, due to the changing world where by, news is being broadcasted through the internet for qui ck access by the people, censorship might deny the right of people to know and contribute to the national matters (Marsden, 164). The internet users should be left with consent to conclude what is right and wrong for them. With Internet censorship, freedom of speech through the internet continues to be threatened. The government therefore has no mandate or right to censor speech on the internet as it cannot force the adults to hear what is good for children. Freedom of expression is a vital component in any successful community. Internet has provided one of the most effective and visible ways that the ordinary people make their opinions heard. For example, when the US government was planning about Iraq war, it is the bloggers who questioned the action and not the renowned media. This gave chance for anti war opponents to organize. If the government was to regulate the internet, the American people for example would lose an important toll to exercise their freedom of expression (Bidgoli, 264). In addition to freedom of speech, internet responsibility should be left on the hands of the parent. One of the main talking points is how much the children should access thought the internet. However, government censorship would hinder the access of information to the adult. The parents should be the one in control of what the childrens access or send through the internet. This would help control what the kids can access. Control of internet usage by the kids should be left within the parents hands as well as school administration. The two people are the ones who are direct contact with the children, and it will be much effective for them to control what kids accesses on the internet. It will be much effective for parents to be responsible for the internet among their children than the government taking control (Caso, 46). Finally, control of internet usage denies privacy to the citizens. Through the censorship, government may use the internet to deny privacy. New technology tools are developed now and then and may be used by the government to deny human right as well as deny peoples privacy. When it comes to monitoring the information sent and received the government interferes with peoples privacy and may end up victimizing. People should be allowed to have their privacy to access what they want through the internet. Through the surveillance of the internet, the movement threatens free flow of information and hence violating peoples privacy. However, despite the right to access information to the people, censorship is also needed to reduce the rate of moral degradation of the children. As far as the parents are concerned, they might not be able to monitor their children all the time; hence they access wrong information from the internet. On the other hand, internet can be used to fuel crashes between communities or countries hence it should be monitored to what extent does people use the internet. A lot of malicious actions can be done through the net and despite the freedom to information control is needed for the wrong intentions of people. Conclusion From the above discussed points on the internet usage among people, it is clear that the government should cease from censoring what is sent and received by people through the internet. This is because the internet including other communication technologies has formed unprecedented ways and opportunities to share information between people. The internet has also been of great benefit through the opening of paths for pro-democracy groups, journalist and individuals in all parts of the world whereby they have been able to hold government accountable for their actions. While it is true some people misuse the internet by committing crimes, it should not be taken as the reason to regulate the entire medium. The already existing laws are adequate to preserve law and order in the communities. Much has been discussed the topic, and it leaves to the decision of the internet users to argue for or against the topic. However I take the stand that the government should not be involved in censoring the internet.